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Active Directory Users & Groups with Folder Permissions Server 2008

Reapply default security settings

1. Open Security Configuration and Analysis.
   
2. In the console tree, right-click Security Configuration and Analysis, and then click Open Database.
   
   Where?
   
   
   • ConsoleRoot/Security Configuration and Analysis
     
3. In File name, type the file name, and then click Open.
   
4. Do one of the following:
   
   
   • For a domain controller, in the console tree, right-click Security Configuration and Analysis, click Import Template, and then click DC security.
     
   • For other computers, in the console tree, right-click Security Configuration and Analysis, click Import Template, and then click setup security.
     
5. Select the Clear this database before importing check box, and then click Open.
   
6. In the console tree, right-click Security Configuration and Analysis, and then click Configure Computer Now.
   
7. Do one of the following:
   
   
   • To use the default log specified in Error log file path, click OK.
     
   • To specify a different log, in Error log file path, type a valid path and file name, and then click OK.
     
8. When the configuration is done, right-click Security Configuration and Analysis, and then click View Log File.
   

Important

• Applying the entire setup security template is a drastic measure that should be avoided. Instead, use the secedit command-line tool to apply default settings for specific areas. See the Using a command line section of this procedure.
  

Notes

• Different permissions are required to perform this procedure, depending on the environment in which you reapply default security settings:
  
  
  • If you reapply default security settings to your local computer: To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. If the computer is joined to a domain, members of the Domain Admins group might be able to perform this procedure. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure.
    
  • If you reapply default security settings to a computer that is joined to a domain: To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Domain Admins group or the Enterprise Admins group in Active Directory, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure. For more information, see Default local groups, Default groups, and Using Run as.
    
• To open Security Configuration and Analysis, click Start, click Run, type mmc, and then click OK. On the File menu, click Open, click the console that you want to open, and then click Open. In the console tree, click Security Configuration and Analysis.
  
• The default path for the log file is:
  
  systemroot\Documents and Settings\UserAccount\My Documents\Security\Logs\
  
• When you reapply default security settings, all settings that are defined in Setup security.inf are set as the template specifies, but other settings that are not defined in the template may persist. For more information, see Applying security settings.

Assign user rights for your local computer

1. Open Local Security Settings.
   
2. In the console tree, click User Rights Assignment.
   
   Where?
   
   
   • Security Settings/Local Policies/User Rights Assignments
     
3. In the details pane, double-click the user right you want to change.
   
4. In UserRight Properties, click Add User or Group.
   
5. Add the user or group and click OK.
   

Note

• To open Local Security Policy, click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Local Security Policy.

Authorize WMI users and set permissions

1. Open WMI Control.
   
2. In the console tree, right-click WMI Control, and then click Properties.
   
3. Click the Security tab.
   
4. Select the namespace for which you want to give a user or group access, and then click Security.
   
5. In the Security dialog box, click Add.
   
6. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box, enter the name of the object (user or group) that you want to add. Click the Check Names button to verify your entry and then click OK. You might have to change the location or use the Advanced button to query for objects. See the dialog box help for more details.
   
7. In the Security dialog box, under Permissions, select the permissions to allow or deny the new user or group. 

Notes

• To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. If the computer is joined to a domain, members of the Domain Admins group might be able to perform this procedure. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure.
  
• To open the WMI Control console, click Start, click Run, type wmimgmt.msc, and then click OK.
  
• You can set permissions on a remote computer or a local computer. To access a remote computer, right-click WMI Control, click Connect to another computer, clickAnother computer, and then type the name of the computer to which you want to connect. If you are using WMI Control from the Computer Management console, right-click the Computer Management node to connect to the other computer.
  
• On computers running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows ME, all users have full control locally. Security settings are only relevant for remote connection to a computer running Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows ME.
  
• You can delete a user's or group's authorization to access WMI services by selecting that user or group and clicking Remove.

Change the permissions a user or group has to a connection

1. Open Terminal Services Configuration.
   
2. In the console tree, click Connections.
   
3. In the details pane, right-click the connection for which you want to change permissions, and then click Properties.
   
4. On the Permissions tab, click Advanced to open the Advanced Security Settings dialog box.
   
5. In Permission Entries, select the user or group for which you want to change permissions, and then click Edit... to open the Permission Entry dialog box.
   
6. In Permissions, select or clear, as appropriate, the Allow or Deny check boxes next to the permissions you want to set for the group.
   

Notes

• To perform this procedure, you must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer, or you must have been delegated the appropriate authority. If the computer is joined to a domain, members of the Domain Admins group might be able to perform this procedure. As a security best practice, consider using Run as to perform this procedure. For more information, see Default local groups, Default groups, and Using Run as.
  
• To open Terminal Services Configuration, click Start, click Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Terminal Services Configuration.
  
• You must use the Remote Desktop Users group to control remote access to Terminal Server and Remote Desktop for Administration. 

Set or remove permissions for a printer

1. Open Printers and Faxes.
   
2. Right-click the printer for which you want to set permissions, click Properties, and then click the Security tab.
   
3. Do one of the following:
   
   
   • To change or remove permissions from an existing user or group, click the name of the user or group.
     
   • To set up permissions for a new user or group, click Add. In Select Users, Computers, or Groups, type the name of the user or group you want to set permissions for, and then click OK to close the dialog box.
     
4. In Permissions, click Allow or Deny for each permission you want to allow or deny, if necessary. Or, to remove the user or group from the permissions list, click Remove.
   

Notes

• To change device settings, you must have the Manage Printers permission. For information about printing security permissions, see Related Topics.
  
• To open Printers and Faxes, click Start, and then click Printers and Faxes.
  
• To view or change the underlying permissions that make up Print, Manage Printers, and Manage Documents, click the Advanced button.
  
• A printer must be shared in order for the permission settings to affect the users and groups listed.
  
• You can also view the permissions assigned to you by clicking the group you belong to on the Security tab. For information on finding out what group you belong to, see Related Topics.

Assign permissions to a registry key

1. Open Registry Editor.
   
2. Click the key to which you want to assign permissions.
   
3. On the Edit menu, click Permissions.
   
4. Assign an access level to the selected key as follows:
   
   
   • To grant the user permission to read the key contents, but not save any changes made to the file, under Permissions for name, for Read, select the Allow check box.
     
   • To grant the user permission to open, edit, and take ownership of the selected key, under Permissions for name, for Full Control, select the Allow check box.
     
   • To grant the user special permission in the selected key, click Advanced.
     
5. If you are assigning permissions to a subkey and you want the inheritable permissions assigned to the parent key to apply to the subkey also, click Advanced and select theInherit from parents the permission entries that apply to child objects. Include these with entries explicitly defined here check box.
   

Caution

• Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system. Before making changes to the registry, you should back up any valued data on your computer.
  

Notes

• To open Registry Editor, click Start, click Run, type regedit, and then click OK.
  
• You must have appropriate permissions to make changes to a registry key. To maintain security when making changes to a registry key for which you need administrative credentials, log in as a member of the Users group and run Regedit as an administrator by right-clicking the Regedit icon, clicking Run as, and clicking an account in the local Administrators group. The Regedit icon does not appear by default from the Start menu. To access the icon, open the Windows or WINNT folder on your computer.
  
• If you own a registry key, you can specify the users and groups that can open that key. To determine who can open your registry keys, you need to assign permissions to them. You can add or remove users or groups from those authorized to access your registry keys at any time.
  
• The Special Permissions check boxes indicate whether custom permissions have been set for this key, but you cannot set special permissions by clicking these check boxes. Click Advanced to set special permissions.

Set permissions on a shared resource

• Using Shared Folders
  
• Using Windows Explorer
  

Using Shared Folders

1. To open a Control Panel item, click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click the appropriate icon.
   
2. In the console tree, click Shares.
   
   Where?
   
   
   • Computer Management/System Tools/Shared Folders/Shares
     
3. In the details pane, right-click the shared resource that you want to set permissions for, and then click Properties.
   
4. On the Share Permissions tab, make any of the following changes, and then click OK:
   
   
   • To assign permissions to a user or group for a shared resource, click Add. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box, look for or type the user or group name, and then click OK.
     
   • To revoke access to the shared resource, click Remove.
     
   • To set individual permissions for the user or group, in the Permissions forgroup or user box, select the Allow or Deny check boxes.
     

Note

• To open Computer Management, click Start, click Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Computer Management.
  

Using Windows Explorer

1. Open Windows Explorer.
   
2. Right-click the shared folder or drive that you want to set permissions for, and then click Sharing and Security.
   
3. On the Sharing tab, click Permissions, make any of the following changes, and then click OK:
   
   
   • To assign permissions to a user or group for a shared resource, click Add. In the Select Users, Computers, or Groups dialog box, look for or type the user or group name, and then click OK.
     
   • To revoke access to a shared resource, click Remove.
     
   • To set individual permissions for the user or group, in the Permissions for group or user box, select the Allow or Deny check boxes.
     

Note

• To open a Control Panel item, click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click the appropriate icon.
  

Important

• Share permissions apply only to users who gain access to the resource over the network. They do not apply to users who log on locally, such as on a terminal server. In these cases, use access control on the NTFS file system to set permissions. For more information, see Related Topics.
  

Notes

• You must be logged on as a member of the Administrators group, Server Operators group, or Power Users group to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings might also prevent you from completing this procedure.
  
• You can use Shared Folders to manage shared resources on both local and remote computers. For information about how to connect to another computer, see Related Topics. With Windows Explorer and the command line, you can manage shared resources on your local computer only.
  
• When permissions have been assigned both to the shared resource and at the file system level, the more restrictive permission always applies.
  
• It is usually easier to assign permissions to groups and then add users to groups, rather than assigning identical permissions to individual users.
  
• If you change permissions on special shared resources, such as ADMIN$, the default settings may be restored when the Server service is stopped and restarted or when the computer is restarted. Note that this does not apply to user-created shared resources whose share name ends in $. For more information about special shared resources, see Related Topics.
  
• File sharing options may be limited if simple file sharing is enabled. For more information about simple file sharing, see article Q304040, "How to configure file sharing in Windows XP," in the Microsoft Knowledge Base.

Set, view, change, or remove permissions on files and folders

1. Open Windows Explorer.
   
2. Right-click the file or folder for which you want to set permissions, click Properties, and then click the Security tab.
   
3. Do one of the following:
   
   
   • To set permissions for a group or user that does not appear in the Group or user names box, click Add. Type the name of the group or user you want to set permissions for and then click OK.
     
   • To change or remove permissions from an existing group or user, click the name of the group or user.
     
4. Do one of the following:
   
   
   • To allow or deny a permission, in the Permissions for User or Group box, select the Allow or Deny check box.
     
   • To remove the group or user from the Group or user names box, click Remove.
     

Notes

• To open Windows Explorer, click Start, point to All programs, point to Accessories, and then click Windows Explorer.
  
• In the Windows Server 2003 family, the Everyone group no longer includes Anonymous Logon.
  
• You can only set file and folder permissions on drives formatted to use NTFS.
  
• To change permissions, you must be the owner or have been granted permission to do so by the owner.
  
• Groups or users that are granted Full Control for a folder can delete files and subfolders within that folder, regardless of the permissions that protect the files and subfolders.
  
• If the check boxes under Permissions for User or Group are shaded or if the Remove button is unavailable, then the file or folder has inherited permissions from the parent folder. For more information on how inheritance affects files and folders, see Related Topics.
  
• When adding a new user or group, by default, this user or group will have Read & Execute, List Folder Contents, and Read permissions.

Setting File and Folder Permissions Server 2008

1. In Windows Explorer, right-click the file or folder you want to work with.
2. From the pop-up menu, select Properties, and then in the Properties dialog box click the Security tab, shown in Figure 13-12.
3. Users or groups that already have access to the file or folder are listed in the Name list box. You can change permissions for these users and groups by doing the following:
   • Select the user or group you want to change.
   • Use the Permissions list box to grant or deny access permissions.
   Tip Inherited permissions are shaded. If you want to override an inherited permission, select the opposite permission.
4. To set access permissions for additional users, contacts, computers, or groups, click Add. This displays the Select Users, Computers, Or Groups dialog box shown in Figure 13-13.
   
   Figure 13-12: Use the Security tab to configure basic permissions for the file or folder.
5. Use the Select Users, Computers, Or Groups dialog box to select the users, computers, or groups for which you want to set access permissions. You can use the fields of this dialog box as follows:
   • Look In This drop-down list box allows you to access account names from other domains. Click Look In to see a list of the current domain, trusted domains, and other resources that you can access. Select Entire Directory to view all the account names in the folder.
   • Name This column shows the available accounts of the currently selected domain or resource.
   • Add This button adds selected names to the selection list.
   • Check Names This button validates the user, contact, and group names entered into the selection list. This is useful if you type names in manually and want to make sure they're available.
6. In the Name list box, select the user, computer, or group you want to configure, and then use the fields in the Permissions area to allow or deny permissions. Repeat for other users, computers, or groups.
7. Click OK when you're finished.
   
   Figure 13-13: Select users, computers, and groups that should be granted or denied access.

Auditing System Resources

Auditing is the best way to track what's happening on your Windows 2000 systems. You can use auditing to collect information related to resource usage, such as file access, system logon, and system configuration changes. Anytime an action occurs that you've configured for auditing, the action is written to the system's security log, where it's stored for your review. The security log is accessible from Event Viewer.

Note: For most auditing changes, you'll need to be logged on using an account that is a member of the Administrators group or be granted the Manage Auditing And Security Log right in Group Policy.

Setting Auditing Policies

Auditing policies are essential to ensure the security and integrity of your systems. Just about every computer system on the network should be configured with some type of security logging. You configure auditing policies with Group Policy. Through Group Policy, you can set auditing policies for an entire site, domain, or organizational unit. You can also set policies for an individual workstation or server.

Once you access the Group Policy container you want to work with, you can set auditing policies by completing the following steps:

1. As shown in Figure 13-14, access the Audit Policy node by working your way down through the console tree. Expand Computer Configuration, Windows Settings, Security Settings, and Local Policies. Then select Audit Policy.
2. The auditing options are
   • Audit Account Logon Events Tracks events related to user logon and logoff.
   • Audit Account Management Tracks account management by means of Active Directory Users And Computers. Events are generated anytime user, computer, or group accounts are created, modified, or deleted.
   • Audit Directory Service Access Tracks access to the Active Directory. Events are generated any time users or computers access the directory.
   • Audit Logon Events Tracks events related to user logon, logoff, and remote connections to network systems.
   • Audit Object Access Tracks system resource usage for files, directories, shares, printers, and Active Directory objects.
   • Audit Policy Change Tracks changes to user rights, auditing, and trust relationships.
   • Audit Privilege Use Tracks the use of user rights and privileges, such as the right to back up files and directories.
     Note: The Audit Privilege Use policy doesn't track system access–related events, such as the use of the right to log on interactively or the right to access the computer from the network. These events are tracked with Logon and Logoff auditing.
   • Audit Process Tracking Tracks system processes and the resources they use.
   • Audit System Events Tracks system startup, shutdown, and restart, as well as actions that affect system security or the security log.
3. To configure an auditing policy, double-click its entry or right-click and select Security. This opens a Properties dialog box for the policy.
4. Select Define These Policy Settings, and then select either the Success check box or the Failure check box, or both. Success logs successful events, such as successful logon attempts. Failure logs failed events, such as failed logon attempts.
5. Click OK when you're finished.
   
   Figure 13-14: Set auditing policies using the Audit Policy node in Group Policy.

Auditing Files and Folders

If you configure a group policy to enable the Audit Object Access option, you can set the level of auditing for individual folders and files. This allows you to control precisely how folder and file usage is tracked. Auditing of this type is only available on NTFS volumes.

You can configure file and folder auditing by completing the following steps:

1. In Windows Explorer, right-click the file or folder to be audited, and then from the pop-up menu select Properties.
2. Choose the Security tab, and then click Advanced.
3. In the Access Control Settings dialog box, select the Auditing tab, shown in Figure 13-15.
4. If you want to inherit auditing settings from a parent object, ensure that Allow Inheritable Auditing Entries From Parent To Propagate To This Object is selected.
5. If you want child objects of the current object to inherit the settings, select Reset Auditing Entries On All Child Objects And Enable Propagation Of Inheritable Auditing Entries.
   
   Figure 13-15: Once you audit object access, you can use the Auditing tab to set auditing policies on individual files and folders.
6. Use the Auditing Entries list box to select the users, groups, or computers whose actions you want to audit. To remove an account, select the account in the Auditing Entries list box, and then click Remove.
7. To add specific accounts, click Add, and then use the Select Users, Contacts, Computers, Or Groups dialog box to select an account name to add. When you click OK, you'll see the Auditing Entry For New Folder dialog box, shown in Figure 13-16.
   Note: If you want to audit actions for all users, use the special group Everyone. Otherwise, select the specific user groups or users, or both, that you want to audit.
8. As necessary, use the Apply Onto drop-down list box to specify where objects are audited.
9. Select the Successful or Failed check boxes, or both, for each of the events you want to audit. Successful logs successful events, such as successful file reads. Failed logs failed events, such as failed file deletions. The events you can audit are the same as the special permissions listed in Table 13-5—except you can't audit synchronizing of offline files and folders.
10. Choose OK when you're finished. Repeat this process to audit other users, groups, or computers.
    
    Figure 13-16: Use the Auditing Entry For New Folder dialog box to set auditing entries for a user, contact, computer, or group.

Auditing Active Directory Objects

If you configure a group policy to enable the Audit Directory Service Access option, you can set the level of auditing for Active Directory objects. This allows you to control precisely how object usage is tracked.

To configure object auditing, follow these steps:

1. In Active Directory Users And Computers, access the container for the object.
2. Right-click the object to be audited, and then from the pop-up menu select Properties.
3. Choose the Security tab, and then click Advanced.
4. In the Access Control Settings dialog box, select the Auditing tab. To inherit auditing settings from a parent object, make sure that Allow Inheritable Auditing Entries From Parent To Propagate To This Object is selected.
5. Use the Auditing Entries list box to select the users, contacts, groups, or computers whose actions you want to audit. To remove an account, select the account in the Auditing Entries list box, and then click Remove.
6. To add specific accounts, click Add, and then use the Select Users, Contacts, Computers, Or Groups dialog box to select an account name to add. When you click OK, the Auditing Entry For dialog box is displayed.
7. Use the Apply Onto drop-down list box to specify where objects are audited.
8. Select the Successful or Failed check boxes, or both, for each of the events you want to audit. Successful logs successful events, such as successful file reads. Failed logs failed events, such as failed file deletions.
9. Choose OK when you're finished. Repeat this process to audit other users, contacts, groups, or computers.